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Glenn Springs Raid
The Glenn Springs Raid occurred in May 1916 when Mexican Villistas and Carrancistas attacked the towns of Boquillas and Glenn Springs, Texas. In Glenn Springs, the raiders burned several buildings and fought a three hour battle with a small force of American soldiers who were stationed there. At the same time, a second party of rebels robbed a general store and a silver mine in Boquillas. Four Americans were killed and the rebels made hostages out of two men before riding back to Coahuila. In response to the attack, the United States Army launched a short punitive expedition into Mexico which fought a skirmish with the rebels and rescued the captives.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=GLENN SPRINGS RAID )〕
==Background==
Following the federal victory at the Battle of Celaya in April 1915, the Mexican rebel Pancho Villa led the remnants of his once large army back to northern Mexico. By 1916 Villa and his men were in desperate need of food and provisions to continue the revolution so they devised a plan to raid the American border town of Columbus, New Mexico. On the early morning of March 9, approximately 500 mounted Villistas attacked and burned the town though not long after that they were encountered by some 300 American troops. After a pitched battle the Villistas were defeated and pursued back into Mexico, having lost nearly 200 killed, wounded or captured. Eighteen Americans died in the engagement, including ten civilians and eight soldiers, an outrage that incited President Woodrow Wilson to authorize a punitive expedition to capture or kill Villa. The Pancho Villa Expedition, as it became known, was under the command of General John J. Pershing and it began in mid March. Starting from various camps and forts along the border, Pershing headed into Chihuahua where his men engaged the Villistas on multiple occasions. Pershing was able to capture or kill several rebel commanders but Pancho Villa got away and his rebels continued to launch raids on United States territory while American troops were in Mexico. Tension along the international border between Texas and Mexico was high during the Mexican Revolution. Raids into southern Texas were very common, so to help protect the Big Bend region, President Wilson allowed troops to occupy the area in June 1915.〔http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/geology/publications/state/tx/1968-7/sec2.htm〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=txgenweb2.org )〕
Boquillas and Glenn Springs were just small settlements at the time, about twelve miles apart, so only nine 14th Cavalry troopers guarded the former and none at the latter. Glenn Springs was located at the southern end of Chilicotal Mountain and centered around a small spring named after the first settler in the area who was killed at the site by Comanches. The town was home to some eighty people, who were employed mainly by a wax factory, owned by "Captain" C. D. Wood and W. K. Ellis. The Ellis family also owned the general store, which was managed by C. G. Compton and his family. The inhabitants, who were mostly Mexican-Americans, lived in a "''scattered''" neighborhood of about fifty jacales concentrated at one end of town. Boquillas was even smaller than Glenn Springs. Located along the Rio Grande, across from the mining town of Del Carmen, Boquillas had a general store, owned by Jesse Deemer, and several jacales.〔http://www.nps.gov/bibe/historyculture/upload/Glennspring_SB.pdf〕〔http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/geology/publications/state/tx/1968-7/sec2.htm〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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